Apple, Inc., The Electronics And Beats Music - 1263 Words

Apple acquires Beats. Apple, Inc., the electronics giant, has acquired Beats Music and Beats Electronics, the headphones giant, for $3.2 billion. Apple has enough money to buy or build any company they want to from ground up. So, why did Apple acquire Beats Electronics and Beats Music? According to NBC News, Apple CEO Tim Cook told Re/Code that the company could build about anything that you could dream of, adding that acquiring Beats would give them a head start and add kindred spirits to company (Wagstaff, 2014). Given the years of musical experience that both Dr. Dre, a well-known legendary artist and music producer and Jimmy Iovine, the Chairman of Interscope Geffen AM Records have and the energy they have brought to the hip-hop and pop cultures, it is no wonder that Apple would have made the decision to acquire Beats Electronics and Beats Music. In just six years, Dr. Dre and Iovine has sealed the whole consumer market for high-end headphones. Beats also unleashed Beats M usic, a streaming music service. The negotiations take place at a critical time: the music market has seen a massive shift towards streaming and away from downloads. U.S. revenue from downloads -- which iTunes dominates -- dropped 1 percent to $2.8 billion in 2013, while streaming music revenue from the likes of Pandora and Spotify soared 39 percent to $1.4 billion, according to the Recording Industry Association of America (CBS News/AP, 2014). Beats Music will allow Apple to competeShow MoreRelatedFinancial Evaluation Of Beats By Dr. Dre Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesFor my final essay, I am going to discuss the financial evaluation of Beats by Dr. Dre. Beats by Dr. Dre was founded by music producer and rapper Dr. Dre along with business partner Jimmy Iovine from Interscope Geffen AM Records chairman in 2006 with the leading audio headphones on the market. The company has created a range of models of headphones and speaker that are now integrated into vehicles. The company has brought on celebrity sponsors to advertise and join the team with their creating likeRead MoreBusiness Merger Between Apple And Beats2057 Words   |  9 Pages Business Combination between Apple and Beats Details of Company Acquired Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Their hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, and the Apple Watch smartwatch. Beats Electronics is a company which product line is primarilyRead MoreSwot Analysis Final Project Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesANALYSIS APPLE INC. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINAL PRESENTATION Business description Started in 1977 and Headquartered in Cupertino, California, Apple (AAPL) Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications.1 The company’s products and services include iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, Apple TV,Read MoreApple INC analysis1748 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is globally renowned as one of the leading companies, especially for its specialization in the personal computers and consumer electronics industry. The company is most well-known for the iPod, a digital music player and Macintosh, a personal computer released in 1984. Co-founded by Steve Jobs in 1976, the company was named under Apple Computers Inc. and its initial product Apple IIe gained relative popularity and success. The release of the Macintosh revolutionizedRead MoreApple : Make It Informative And Interesting1546 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: APPLE 1 2 9 APPLE Apple Make it Informative and Interesting Joseph J. McAuliffe University of Louisville Dr. Carpenter ELFH 490-91 May 28, 2015 Apple Apple was founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne with the goal of being able to develop and sell personal computers. (Richardson Terrell, 2008) ?On August 20, 2012, Apple?s rising stock rose the company?s value to a world-record $624 Billion. (Svensson, 2012) ?Apple offers a wide range ofRead MoreBusiness Analysis of Apple Company1749 Words   |  7 PagesIntroductions Apple Inc is an American system company which combined with design and innovative technology, selling consumers electronic, computer software and personal computer. The Macintosh line of computer, ipod, iphone, and ipad are most well-known hardware products of this company. Software in this company is including Mac OS, itune, ilife, iwork, aperture, ios, final art studio, logical studio and safari. Apple as an admirable company with high revenue and high profit has been evaluatedRead MoreLeadership Of The Executive Officer At Apple Inc.951 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizations conduct their day-to-day business. Apple Inc. has enjoyed its success for several years under the leadership of Steve Jobs and Tim Cook. Steve jobs, was a visionary, Apple Inc. chairman and co-founder, and a â€Å"creative genius† (Kane Fowler, 2011). He was a Charismatic leader with characteristics of a transformational leader; he pushed his team to the limits (Langton, Robbins, 2010). Tim Cook is the c urrent chief executive officer at Apple Inc., he took over in 2011 after Steve Jobs (TimRead MoreGoodwill Balance Sheet1232 Words   |  5 Pageswas valued at $99 billion (Peers and Angwin, 2003). However, the Internet operations value quickly collapsed, because of the drop in online advertising, taking the combined companies stock price with it. The annual report (2002) of AOL Time Warner Inc. showed a loss of $98.7 billion, reflecting the falling value of its Internet units (Sander, 2003). This mistake was a result of a wrong writing-down of the AOL’s assets estimated at $45.5 billion in the end of a long financial news release (Peers andRead MoreSteve Jobs s Uses Great Business Strategy Lead The Apple Company1247 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Many years ago people will think apple is a fruit. Nowadays, when people talking about Apple, we will think they are talking about Apple products. Apple Inc. is a famous company in creating new products and launching innovative technology. It leads the word to a new technology on many kinds of electronic products, and creates many kinds of products such as cell phone, portable computer, table computer, media player, and monitor. Apple during many times leadership change, they foundRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Skullcandy1716 Words   |  7 PagesShakera Butler BUA450 Skullcandy Skullcandy was founded in 2003 by Rick Alden in Park City, Utah. The idea came to him in 2001 when he was riding on a ski lift while listening to music. His phone rang and he had to change his headphones over to the phone. That’s when he told himself he wished there was headphones that you could use both on a Mp3 player and a cell phone. In 2002, he created his first prototype called Link, that were a hit. His company grew fast that he started to make headphones

Benefits of Breastfeeding Essay - 669 Words

Benefits of Breastfeeding Mother’s milk is the best food possible for the newborn baby. Breast milk works as an all in one nutritional supplement. Breast milk works as a thirst quencher, medication, food supplement and for the mother it works as a weight loss program with no equal. Although, there are formulas that can be used for replacing breast milk, they do not have the same supplements as the natural milk from the mother. The American Academy of Pediatrics â€Å"†¦recommends that babies be breast-fed for six to 12 months. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is infant formula.† (Williams, 1995). Breast milk is a perfect combination of nutrients and antibodies for an infant’s fast growing system. Breast milk is made up†¦show more content†¦Breastfeeding also brings the infant closer to the mother. Through breastfeeding, the mother and the child can build a very strong emotional bond. New born infant’s sight is only between 12 to 15 inches. When a baby is breastfeeding, the baby will be able see his or her mothers face from that distance, as well as get accustomed to the smell of the mother. Fathers might be a little jealous at this stage, because there seems to be no need for them at this time. â€Å"One study†¦ showed that the babies who received no breast milk had IQS 8 points lower on average than those who received breast milk.† (Dremer, 1997 , para. 6) One other great benefit of breastfeeding is lowering the cost of everything. Although, the mother will be eating more compared to her normal pre-pregnancy stage, the cost of purchasing extra food for the mother versus buying formula is obvious. Formula tends to be extremely expensive without any of the extra benefits of real human milk. On top of the formula cost, a baby that feeds from breast milk will less likely get sick. This will mean less medical bills. There are occasions where a mother will not be able to breastfeed the baby. Those are very rare but they do happen. As an example, HIV is one of the very few diseases that can be found in breast milk. If breast milk cannot be used, then formula is one of the better solutions. Formulas were created by studying the makeup of breast milk.Show MoreRelatedBenefits And Benefits Of Breastfeeding793 Words   |  4 PagesBe Amazed at the Benefits of Breastfeeding The first instinct of a newborn baby is to reach up and take its first taste of breast milk, which begins to strengthen the bond between the mother and baby. The ability of a mother to produce a nutritionally complete meal for the newborn is one of nature’s wonders and research has confirmed that breastfeeding is linked to healthier mothers and infants in many different ways. Benefits of Breastfeeding Breast milk contains hormones, growth factors, cytokinesRead MoreBreastfeeding And Long Term Benefits Of Breastfeeding Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesAudience The audience intended for this paper are mothers that have a desire to breastfeed, employers, clinicians, breastfeeding advocacy groups and federal and state legislators involved in policy change. Aim The immediate and long-term benefits of breastfeeding have been demonstrated. Mothers are encouraged to begin breastfeeding immediately after delivery, however mothers choosing to breastfeed find numerous challenges once returning to work. There are not appropriate accommodations to supportRead MoreBreastfeeding And Long Term Benefits Of Breastfeeding Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesAim The immediate and long-term benefits of breastfeeding have been demonstrated. Mothers are encouraged to begin breastfeeding immediately after delivery, however mothers choosing to breastfeed find numerous challenges once returning to work. There are not appropriate accommodations to support nursing mothers in the workplace. Although there are law in place to support accommodations in the workplace these laws are not enforced and therefore it is virtually impossible for mothers to continueRead MoreOutline Of The Benefits Of Breastfeeding1508 Words   |  7 PagesOutline The Benefits of Breastfeeding Thesis: Breastfeeding provides unique nutrients for the baby, protects from disease, has health benefits for the mother, and provides a unique bond between mother and baby. I. The array of benefits for an infants’ health A. Mortality and sudden infant death syndrome B. Reduces overweight and obesity a. Reduces the risk of diabetes C. Reduces the risk of childhood leukemia D. Neurodevelopmental outcomes II. The array of health benefits for the mother A. LongerRead MoreBenefits of Breastfeeding Essay595 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough breastfeeding has been known to benefit both the mother and the infant, many women still come across many obstacles to breastfeeding, even after a successful beginning. Most families are partial in their beliefs that are influenced by society’s cues (available places to breastfeed in public) and family traditional norms (whether a family has traditionally participated in breastfeeding or formula feeding; and opinions about the preferred feeding choice in that family) around breastfeeding. ManyRead MoreThe Benefits Of Breastfeeding For Mothers875 Words   |  4 PagesThe Benefits of Breastfeeding Since the invention of formula mothers have had trouble deciding how best to go about feeding their children. Each mother has their own preferred feeding technique, some of whom chose to use both feeding methods depending on the situation. For some mothers breastfeeding is not a viable option for reasons such as lactation issues, busy schedules, and secondary caregivers (Health Psychology). For those mothers whom are able and willing to breastfeed their infants thereRead MoreThe Benefits of Breastfeeding Essay997 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers† Statement taken from the world health organization publication on the nutrition of exclusive breastfeeding. The first years of life are the most crucial years for brain, immune system and overall physiological development. This is why, it is extremely important to achieve optimalRead MoreBenefits Of Breastfeeding For Mothers1139 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Breastfeeding is the way of feeding a baby with milk from mother’s breast. 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Women livingRead MoreThe Essay : The Benefits Of Breastfeeding3133 Words   |  13 PagesMargaret Dzenko Professor Kelly Rhetoric and Composition II November 3, 2014 The Benefits of Breastfeeding â€Å"O, thou beautiful damsel, may the four oceans Of the earth contribute the secretion of milk In thy breasts for the purpose for improving The bodily strength of the child O, thou with the beautiful face, may the child Reared on your milk, attain a long life, like The gods made immortal with drinks of nectar† --Sushruta, ancient Indian surgeon (translated) I: INTRODUCTION How a child is rearedRead MoreBenefits Of Breastfeeding Premature Infants1122 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction I chose to research the benefits of breastfeeding premature infants. This will not only include just the benefits, but also the possible complications of not using breast milk, and using formula instead. 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Retail Management Exam Notes Free Essays

World of Retailing Retailing: the set of business activities that adds value to the products and services sold to consumers for their personal use or family use * Retailer: a business that sells products and/or services to consumers for their personal or family use * Supply Chain: set of firms that make and deliver goods and services to consumers * Wholesalers: engage in buying, taking title to, often storing, and physically handling goods in large quantities and then reselling the goods to retailers and other businesses * Vertical Integration: that a form performs more than one set of activities in the channel, as occurs when a retailer engages in wholesaling activities by operating its own distribution centers to supply its stores * Backward Integration: when a retailer performs some wholesaling and manufacturing activities, such as operating warehouses or designing private-label merchandise Why are retailers needed? 1. Provide an assortment of products and services 2. Breaking bulk 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Retail Management Exam Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Holding inventory 4. Providing services Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): an organization voluntarily taking responsibility for the impact of its activities on its employees, customers, community and the environment * Intratype Competition: competition between same type of retailers * Intertype Competition: competition between retailers that sell similar merchandise using different types of stores, such as discount and department stores * Scrambled Merchandising: When retailers offer merchandise not typically associated with their type of store * Retail Strategy: how the retailer plans to focus its resources to accomplish its objectives 1. Target market, or markets, toward which the retailer will direct its efforts 2. The nature of the merchandise and services the retailer will offer to satisfy the needs of the target market 3. How will the retailer will build a long-term advantage over its competitors * Ethics: principles governing individuals and companies that establish appropriate behavior and indicate what is right or wrong Ch. 2 Types of Retailers Variety: number of merchandise bur differ in the variety and assortment of merchandised offered- Breadth of Merchandise * Assortment: number of different items offered in a merchandise category- Depth of Merchandise * Stock-Keeping Unit(SKU): each different item of merchandise * Conventional Supermarket: large self-service retail food store offering groceries, meat, and produce, as wells as nonfood items, such as health and beauty aids and general merchandise- stock about 30000 SKU’s * Limited Assortment Supermarkets or Extreme-Value Food Retailers: stock about 200 SKU’s * Power Perimeter: fresh-merchandise along the outer walls of a supermarket, that include dairy, meat, floral, produce, deli and coffee bar * Fresh Supermarkets: smaller and more convenient than a traditional supermarket and have less space devoted to packaged goods * Fair Trade: practice of purchasing from factories that pay workers a living wage, and offer other benefits like onsite medical treatment * Locavore Movement: focuses on reducing carbon footprint caused by transportation of food throughout the world * Supercenters: large 185000 sq ft that combine a supermarket with a full-line discount store Ex. Wal-Mart * Hypermarkets: 100000 to 300000 sq ft combine food (60 to 70%) and general merchandise (30 to 40%) * Warehouse Clubs: retailers that offer limited and irregular assortment of food and general merchandise with little service at low prices for ultimate consumers and small businesses * Convenience Stores: provide a limited variety and assortment of merchandise at a convenient location in 3000 to 5000 sq ft stores with speedy checkout * Department Stores: retailers that carry a broad variety and deep assortment, offer customer services, and organize their stores into distinct departments for displaying merchandise * Full-Line Discount Stores: retailers that offer a broad variety of merchandise, limited service and low prices Ex. Wal-Mart, Target, Kmart * Specialty Stores: concentrate on a limited number of complimentary merchandise categories and provide a high level of service Ex. Victoria Secret * Drugstores: concentrate on health and personal grooming merchandise * Category Specialists: big-box stores that offer a barrow but deep assortment of merchandise Ex. Bass Pro Shops * Category Killers: offering complete assortment, using their category dominance and buying power * Extreme- Value Retailers: small discount stores that offer a limited merchandise assortment at low prices Ex. Dollar Tree * Off-Price Retailers or Closeout Retailers: offer an inconsistent assortment of brand name merchandise at a significant discount off the manufacturers’ suggested retail price(MSRP) Ex. T. J. Maxx * Closeouts: end-of-season merchandise that will not come back the following season * Irregulars: merchandise that has minor mistakes in construction * Outlet Stores: off-price retailers owned by manufacturers or retailers * Factory Outlets: own by manufacturers Ex. Coach * Retail Chain: company that operates multiple retail units under common ownership and usually has centralized decision making for defining and implementing its strategy * Franchising: contractual agreement between a franchisor and a franchisee that allow the franchisee to operate a retail outlet using a name and format developed and supported by the franchisor Ch. 3 Multichannel Retailing Multichannel Retailers: retailers that sell merchandise or services through more than one channel * Retail Channel: the way a retailer sells and delivers merchandise and services to its customers * Internet Retailing, Online Retailing, Electronic Retailing or E-Tailing: a retail channel in which the offering of products and services for sale is communicated to customers over the internet * Catalog Channel: a nonstore retail channel in which the retail offering is communicated to customers through a catalog mailed to customers * Direct Selling: a retail channel in which salespeople interact with customers face-to-face in a convenient location, either at the customer’s home or at work * Multilevel System: independent businesspeople serve as master distributors, recruiting other people to become distributors in their network * Pyramid Scheme: develops when the firm and its program are designed to sell merchandise and services to other distributors rather than to end users * Television Home Shopping: a retail channel in which customers watch a television program demonstrates merchandise and then place orders for that merchandise, usually by telephone, via the internet, or via the TV remote * Infomercials: 30 to 60 minutes that mix entertainment with product demonstrations and then solicits orders placed by telephone * Direct-Response Advertising: 1 to 2 minute advertisements on TV and radio that describe products and provide an opportunity for consumers to order them * Automated Retailing: a retail channel in which merchandise or services are stores in a machine and dispensed to customers when they deposit cash or use a credit card * Vending Machines: automated retailing machines, placed at convenient, high-traffic locations * Benefits of Store Channel: 1. Touching and Feeling Products 2. Personal Service 3. Risk reduction 4. Immediate Gratification 5. Entertainment and social interaction 6. Browsing 7. Cash Payment * Benefits of Cataloging: 1. Safety 2. Convenience 3. Ease of use * Benefits of Internet Shopping: 1. Safety 2. Convenience 3. Broad and deep assortments 4. Extensive and timely information 5. Personalization * Risks in Electronic Shopping: 1. Security of credit card transactions on the internet 2. Privacy violations * Disintermediation: when a manufacturer sells directly to consumers and bypassing retailers * Channel Migration: consumers collecting information about products on their channel and then buying the product from a competitor Ch. 4 Customer Buying Behavior * Buying Process: steps consumers go through when buying a product or services, begins when customers recognize an unsatisfied need * Utilitarian Needs: shopping to accomplish a specific task * Hedonic Needs: shopping for pleasure; entertainment, emotional and recreational experiences * Cross-Shopping: buying both premium and low-priced merchandise or patronizing both expensive, status-oriented retailers and price-oriented retailers * Internal Sources: information in customer’s memory; names, images, past experiences * External Sources: info provided by ads and other people * Every day-low-pricing policy: assure customers that that won’t find an item at a lower price at a different store the next time they shop for it * Multiattribute Attitude Model: based on the notion that customers see a retailer, a product, or a channel as a collection of attributes or characteristics How to cite Retail Management Exam Notes, Papers

Creating Garden Cities and Suburbs Today free essay sample

The guide benefited from valuable contributions made by members of the project Steering Group, who gave time to share their practical experience and offer feedback. Members of the Steering Group are: Mary Parsons (Group Executive Director, Places for People), Will Cousins (Deputy Chairman, David Lock Associates), Stephen Heverin (Director of Investment, First Ark Group), Lee Newlyn (Director, Mayfield Market Towns), Euan Hall (Chief Executive, The Land Trust), John Lewis (Chief Executive, Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation), and Simon Leask (Head of ATLAS, HCA-ATLAS). Lord Matthew Taylor also provided valuable advice. The TCPA would also like to thank the councillors who provided quotes for use in the guide, and a number of Trustees of the Association for making available their insight and expertise. This report has been drafted by Kate Henderson and Katy Lock. The views expressed in the report are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Steering Group. The aim of this guide The size and location of new communities Background The new world of planning and housing Policy drivers About Garden Cities Lessons from history Leading the way Making the case Pioneering local leadership Building consensus Planning ahead Going for growth Key design principles Masterplanning Unlocking land The value of land Facilitate and lead Partnership approaches Funding infrastructure Investing in the future Sharing risk and reward Making it happen Effective delivery Stewardship of local assets Next steps and useful resources Useful resources from the TCPA Signposts to further information 9 11 13 18 21 23 27 Creating Garden Cities and Suburbs Today: A Guide for Councils Foreword We know that we will have to build homes to house the nation into the 21st century: the question is not whether we build but whether we have the determination to deliver high-quality communities that will stand the test of time. As councils and communities across the country know, t he decisions we make about the built environment cannot easily be undone. In many areas a history of badly planned and poor-quality development, which has increased pressure on existing infrastructure, has resulted in a breakdown of community trust and a lack of local consensus about the need for new development, despite an escalating housing crisis. Understandably there is community resistance to yet more anonymous ‘bolt-on’ housing estates, and councils are often caught in the crossfire between local concerns, private sector ambitions and national requirements. These debates, which councils know only too well, rarely focus on either the scale of local housing need or the huge opportunities to create beautiful, vibrant and sustainable new communities. However, there is a solution, one which draws on the origins and the best of town and country planning, put into a modern context of sustainable communities – Garden Cities and Suburbs for the 21st century. Significant momentum has been gained both politically and across the built environment sector on recognising the potential of the Garden City approach to development. The Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister have both pledged their support for new Garden Cities; the Garden City principles have been enshrined in the Government’s National Planning Policy Framework; and there is support for ‘locally planned large scale development’ in the Housing Strategy for England. Councils are now firmly in the driving seat in planning for and stimulating growth. In a localised planning system the real power is the Local Plan – this is a major opportunity to think about the long-term future and consider whether a Garden City or Suburb could provide the right solution. If you get the right plan for your area, you can help to steer development to where it is needed and stop bad planning applications being made in the first place. The alternative – not going for well planned growth in the face of continuing population increase – will lead to intensifying pressures on councils and communities as they face overcrowding, failing infrastructure and a lack of investment. As this guide argues, well planned new communities, based on the Garden City principles, provide an opportunity to create high-quality inclusive places. By adopting the Garden City approach councils can rebuild trust in the development process, offering people a better quality of life by allowing for the highest sustainability standards, economies of scale, and better use of infrastructure. Given the scale of the challenges facing our communities, there has never been a more important time for councils to be innovative and ambitious in meeting local housing needs and aspirations, seizing the opportunities to create worldclass new communities. Kate Henderson Chief Executive, Town and Country Planning Association 2 Introduction 1 Introduction Letchworth Garden City town centre 1. 1 Why Garden Cities and Suburbs? opportunity to grow food locally. New Garden Cities and Suburbs can deliver all this. What sets them apart is that this approach to large-scale development allows the necessary infrastructure to be planned in from the start, and existing communities can be protected from unsightly and unpopular piecemeal development. They also provide a powerful opportunity to introduce governance structures that put people at the heart of new communities and give them ownership of community assets. Applying Garden City principles to the development of new communities also allows for immediate access to the countryside, as well as the integration of smart technology. The Garden City 3 The UK’s housing challenge, posed by the need for new homes of all tenures, is clear. However, meeting the nation’s housing needs will involve more than just delivering housing units – we must create beautiful, green places which offer a wide range of employment, retail and leisure opportunities; supply a complete mix of housing types, including social and affordable housing; adopt low-carbon design; implement sustainable transport; provide well managed and connected parks and public spaces; and offer the Creating Garden Cities and Suburbs Today: A Guide for Councils approach provides a unique opportunity to offer people a better quality of life and more sustainable lifestyles. Significant momentum has been gained recently, both politically and across the built environment sector, on recognising the potential of the Garden City approach to development. The Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister have both pledged their support for new Garden Cities; the Garden City principles have been enshrined in the Government’s National Planning Policy Framework; and there is support for ‘locally planned large scale development’ in the Housing Strategy for England. Councils are in the driving seat in planning for and stimulating growth. The new planning framework requires every council to identify local housing need and then bring forward developments to ensure that everyone has access to a decent home. This guide highlights the opportunities to bring forward sustainable new communities within the context of localism, planning reform and recently introduced Government incentives. ? unlocking land; ? funding infrastructure; and ? making it happen. The final section, on ‘next steps’, gives signposts to further information and useful resources (see also Box 1). 1. 3 The size and location of new communities In the context of localism it will be for local authorities, developers and communities to work together to decide on the most suitable location and the size needed to provide a sustainable community that creates jobs, meets local housing need, and finances and supports the necessary hard and soft infrastructure required to enable a community to thrive. Ebenezer Howard, the ‘inventor’ of the Garden City idea, understood that a Garden City should be carefully designed in relation to the site it occupies. There are, however, specific opportunities – including the economies of scale that are needed to finance and sustain new infrastructure – offered by the development of larger-scale new communities, and the new planning framework – the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) – states (in para. 52): ‘The supply of new homes can sometimes be best achieved through planning for larger scale development, such as new settlements or extensions to existing villages and towns that follow the principles of Garden Cities. ’ 1. 2 The aim of this guide This guide is designed to help elected members (and officers) to: ? ake advantage of the opportunities to create Garden Cities and Suburbs and deliver their benefits; ? understand the key questions that need to be asked and the tools and resources available in planning and delivering sustainable growth; and ? build on the latest policy hooks. The guide has nine sections. This section outlines key Garden City principles. Section 2 gives an overview of the key housing and growth challenges, along with the major policy levers. Section 3 provides a brief history of the Garden City story. Sections 4-8 cover five key themes that councils need to consider if they are to deliver world-class communities today: ? eadership; ? planning ahead; A Garden City or a Garden Suburb/urban extension – what’s right for us? Garden City principles (set out in Box 2) are applicable to different models of large-scale development, including towns, suburbs/urban extensions, and villages – and the right solution will vary from place to place. The principles can also be applied to smaller, inner- Box 1 Detailed information on Garden Cities The TCPA has recently produced a number of documents as part of its Garden Cities and Suburbs campaign: ? Creating Garden Cities and Suburbs Today: