Madness of Lear Edgar Free Essays

Frenzy is viewed as the base everything being equal. Moreover, the general mental and physical condition of frenzy is viewed as despicable to numerous individuals, just as ill bred to oneself as well as other people. So, the theme of franticness one thing that no man needs to understanding. We will compose a custom paper test on Franticness of Lear Edgar or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now In any case, in Shakespeare’s King Lear, frenzy shows up in different structures and capacities as the focal topic, and leads a considerable lot of the characters, including Lear himself, to their end. In the start of the play, Lear is portrayed as a prideful person, who is fixated on force and self esteem. In any case, as the plot of the play advances, various circumstances emerge and Lear bears a rollercoaster of feelings, which at last shape him into an alternate individual. Lear’s by and large changes all through the play all share something practically speaking: a reduction in power and an expansion in pain and compassion. Every obstruction that Lear experiences pushes his pride increasingly more towards self indulgence and bitterness, which are feelings that a King of his height isn't accustomed to managing. Through his viewpoint now, he fears that he is going frantic, and Lear is so fixated on control that the idea of losing everything causes him to accept that he is losing his rational soundness too. Be that as it may, after he continually gets pushed to encounter self-assessment with every circumstance. Lear experiences a resurrection, despite the fact that it is past the point of no return for the King at this phase of the play. Another character in King Lear, Edgar, additionally perseveres through the play’s focal topic of frenzy, however in an alternate way. Edgar fakes his craziness to remain alive, by masking himself as the bum â€Å"Poor Tom†, all together for his dad, Gloucester, to acknowledge him after Edmund, Gloucester’s ill-conceived child, fools their dad into believing that Edgar is a psycho and needs to kill his dad. Edgar acclaims franticness all through the play and camouflages himself as the crazy person that Edmund has double-crossed him to be, since at the time the crazy were for all intents and purposes imperceptible to society. Incidentally, Edgar’s time as an as far as anyone knows crazy homeless person sets him up to overcome Edmund at the end of the play. Shakespeare utilizes both of these characters to mirror and difference one another’s states to franticness and to represent the play’s more profound implications. While Edgar claims to be distraught, Lear is really frantic. Edgar animates craziness and anticipates Lear’s frenzy, as it becomes more grounded all through the play. The two wind up joining, and it at last gives Lear significant intelligence by decreasing him to his exposed humankind, deprived of all regal pretentions. Be that as it may, the genuine franticness of Lear and the expected franticness of Edgar both play against each other to make out of the disorder an agreement in the realm through self-disclosure, knowledge, and modesty. Inevitably, the frenzy reaches a conclusion. Edgar divulges his camouflage of franticness and topples Edmund, while Lear’s frenzy prompts his death. Generally, Shakespeare dives into the issues old enough, power, desire, treachery, and the vast majority of all, unadulterated frenzy. The play sparkles a light on different blames in humankind, including extravagance and the wants to just consider oneself. At long last, ravenousness and self love can extremely just bring about franticness. Step by step instructions to refer to Madness of Lear Edgar, Papers

“He is such a …” free essay sample

Have you at any point taken a gander at an individual, possibly your own closest companion, and stated, â€Å"Oh, I’ll wager they†¦Ã¢â‚¬  whatever? They’re mean, or they’re a weakling, or they’re idiotic. You can think you know somebody, however, are you simply occupying in void spaces about their character that you don’t think about with generalizations. Be that as it may, regularly, you’re wrong, and you can hurt individuals through mistaken suppositions. You can likewise hurt yourself, or a kinship, in the event that you generalization somebody. I have a companion, who is exceptionally solid, and infrequently cries. At the point when I state â€Å"cry†, I don’t mean cry like you’re in physical torment, yet cry from passionate pressure and enthusiastic agony. At the point when her folks separated, she’d approach my home a great deal for help. She never cried, and I never thought she’d let herself cry, in view of the companion I knew. We will compose a custom article test on â€Å"He is such a †¦Ã¢â‚¬  or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At some point, when things were downright terrible, she cried. I didn’t comprehend what to do or say, since I had never anticipated that her should cry. I embraced her to improve her vibe, and I got the hang of something that day. I discovered that you can’t anticipate that individuals should respond a specific path dependent on generalizations. I’ve likewise discovered that you don’t see each side of individuals, particularly outsiders. In any case, even somebody you realize well can have portions of their character that you don’t think about. A model is the point at which I started horse-back riding at Krumkill Stables. There were two educators there. My teacher was George. I saw the other teacher, Barb, appeared to be exceptionally harsh and sort of mean. I feared her and I was happy she wasn’t my teacher, since she didn’t appear the sort of individual that I’d like. Not long after I started riding, George quit his place of employment as a teacher. Thorn turned into my new educator, which I wasn’t glad about by any means. Be that as it may, as she showed me, I got familiar with her; her life and her character. I considered a to be side of Barb as my teacher that I hadn’t seen as an outsider. Presently, I’m happy Barb is my educator; we’re in reality truly old buddies now. I discovered that Barb is a sort, amusing, however unpleasant around-the-edges individual, and I can converse with her about nearly anything. From this experience I’ve discovered that in the event that I had generalized Barb excessively, I don’t figure I would have wound up being very as old buddies with her. I’m happy I didn’t judge her to an extreme, since I would have been absolutely off-base about her. I additionally discovered that you don’t see each side of everybody constantly. One more model is my progression mother, Kay. The day I met Kay, she appeared to be a sort, mindful, adoring individual who was prepared to invite me into her home. I thought I adored her considerably more than my own mother. Yet, in the wake of knowing Kay for a long time, I realized what a shocking, mean, contemptuous individual she truly is. I made a decision about her totally off-base, and my judgment could have influenced my life a ton. Be that as it may, I know reality now, and I’m much progressively cautious when I meet individuals now. It can hurt when individuals generalization you, particularly if their feeling spreads and it influences how individuals collaborate with you. Individuals judge me constantly. Above all else, I will in general be tranquil and bashful. I wear shirts and loose shorts as opposed to anything cool, as Abercrombie or American Eagle. Rather than rap or hip-bounce, I generally tune in to great nation. I don’t play that many school sports , I center around grades. The games I like are chasing, angling, horse-back riding, and arrow based weaponry. Individuals take that data, which is only a couple of sides of my character, and use it to make decisions. I wouldn’t be an old buddy, or I’m not cool enough, or they shouldn’t sit close to me, or I wouldn’t like to go to their gathering. Typically they’re wrong, and I get left out of things a great deal. Making a decision about individuals can truly hurt them. Additionally, individuals will pass judgment on you, in view of what they see of you from the outset, without becoming more acquainted with you. For instance, when you’re told that when you’re heading off to some place extraordinary (like another school) or some place extravagant (like an eatery), you’re advised to spruce up, and speak to any place you’re from in a positive manner. It’s all since individuals need to establish a decent first connection, so individuals won’t make terrible decisions or generalizations about them. Individuals are reluctant to be judged wrongly or adversely. Most importantly generalizing is unreasonable, frightful, and can really be coldblooded. You can demolish a person’s notoriety by marking them with a terrible name. I have gained from past encounters where I both judged and got judged, that individuals don’t consistently respond the way you’d anticipate that them should, in light of anyway you made a decision about them, and that you don’t see all the various sides of somebody, particularly on the off chance that they are an outsider. (Be that as it may, you in all probability don’t even thoroughly understand your loved ones.) I’ve figured out the amount it can sting to be judged, and I’ve figured out how regularly individuals can not be right. I’ve figured out how to be cautious when I met individuals now, and not to make suspicions too rapidly. So whenever you end up prepared to pass judgment on somebody, attempt to pause. Truly become more acquainted with them first, improve thought of what their identity is. You may spare yourself from a tremendous slip-up that you may truly lament later. Keep in mind, your decisions can influence anybody, even you. So be cautious.

What is the Volcker Rule

What is the Volcker Rule The Volcker Rule is a federal rule that prohibits American commercial banks and foreign banks that operate in the United States from using the deposits of customers for their own personal profit.Banks are prohibited from conducting any investment activity with their accounts and also limit their dealings with covered funds and hedge funds. Banks are only permitted to trade when it is necessary or vital to run their business.For example, offsetting foreign currency, they are however permitted to make a trade for their customers.This rule is contained in section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act of 2010. This rule is aimed at protecting the interest of bank customers and was birthed after the financial crisis which hit the United States in 2008.To help understand what exactly the Volcker Rule is all about, it is important to know the history of the rule.HISTORY OF VOLCKER RULEThis federal regulation is known as the Volcker Rule because it was proposed by the chairman of the board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve system from 1979 to 1987 known as Paul Volcker.He was the head of President Obamas economic advisory panel from 2009 till 2011Paul Volcker made the proposal of the Volcker Rule in 2009 when the country was submerged in a financial crisis which led to the accumulation of losses by the proprietary trading arm of the largest bank in the country.Paul Volcker hoped that the rule will enable the nation to reestablish the divide that existed between investment banking and commercial banking. He proposed that banks in the United States be restricted from making speculative investments that were of no benefit to customers.He blamed the financial crisis that the nation experienced in 2007 and 2008 on the speculative activities of banks. Volcker proposed that a ban be placed on proprietary trading by commercial banks. Source: Positive MoneyHis claims were on the fact that the banks during the world wide recession created excess cash as a result of the increased number of loans made. Basically, money is generated every time a loan is made.The result of this was terrible as it doubled the amount of money in 7 years as well as debt.This entailed placing a ban on commercial banks making use of the deposits of customers to trade and make gains for the bank.Even though the rule was scheduled to be fully implemented on 21st of July 2010 as part of the Dodd-Frank Act, certain delays were experienced and it wasnt launched until the 10th of December 2013.A lawsuit was filed by community banks on January 24, 2014, regarding the provisions that concern specialized security. The regulation was revised and on the 21st of July 2015, it came into effect.The approval of the final regulations that came to be known as the Volcker Rule was done by five important federal agencies namely: the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.These five agencies also have the responsibility of implementing and overseeing strict adherence to the rule.SPECIFICATIONS OF THE VOLCKER RULEAs stated earlier, the Volcker Rule does not permit banks to use their accounts for short-term proprietary trading of commodity future, securities and derivatives.Proprietary trading is the directional bets made by a firm, for the account of the firm, with the resources of the firm and for the gain of the firm.The controversial thing about this is that any loss incurred during this had to be paid for through the FDIC insurance with the taxpayers money.The rule also prohibits insured depository institutions and banks from obtaining or retaining ownership interests in private equity funds or hedge funds except in certain stipulated cases.The aim of t his rule is to discourage banks from taking too many risks and this is to be achieved by banning them from making such investments with their own funds in order to increase profit, this is based on the belief that these investments are of zero benefits to the customers of the bank.No matter how strict this rule appears, it still permits banks to continue market making, hedging, engaging in the activities of insurance companies, underwriting, act as brokers, agents or custodians, offer hedge funds and private equity funds and even trade in government securities.All these services can be rendered by the bank to their costumer’s in order to generate profit.But if it is discovered that engaging in these activities can lead to a conflict of interest, generate instability within the bank and the financial system of the United States or expose the bank to high-risk assets, then the bank is prohibited from engaging in the activity.The rule permits banks to trade under two circumstances; f irst if it is necessary to run their business, then the bank can trade.For example, they can trade to offset interest rate rush and also engage in currency trading to offset foreign currency holding. Secondly, the banks are permitted to make use of the funds of clients with the permission of the client to trade on behalf of the client.The Volcker Rule also has levels of reporting requirements that must be met by the banks. The details of the covered trading activities of the bank will be disclosed to the banks via these reports.The reporting requirements and compliance of small banks are less when compared to those of larger institutions.Large banks are expected to implement a program that will ensure compliance with the rule also ensure that their programs are subject to independent analysis and testing.The Volcker Rule is binding to everyone that works in the bank starting from the CEO to every other person down the chain of command.They are all personally and legally liable if th ey do not comply with the rule.THE NECESSITY OF THE VOLCKER RULEThe major reason why this rule came into existence was to prevent history from repeating itself like it did in the years of the financial crises which was believed to be caused by the activities of banks.This rule was put in place to act as a check that would prevent banks from placing investment bets with depositors, which was insured by FDIC and backed by taxpayers.This is why many banks were not in support of the rule and it took five years for the rule to be implemented.During the course of these five years banks lobbied to prevent the enactment of the rule which would restrict them from engaging in activities that are profitable to them.Furthermore, the rule was intended to erase the damage that had been done to the economy when the Glass Steagall Act was repealed by Congress.The Glass-Steagall act allowed investment banks to be run privately and small companies that helped to raise capital through issuing debt and going public in the stock market could stay small without needing any regulation while charging high fees. Source: TopTalDuring the repeal, six mega banks increased their assets from 20% to over 60% GDP from 1997 to 2008.This was because the repealing of the Glass-Steagall act meant that banks could use the reserve of depositor’s funds to earn for themselves without any form of regulations.The access they had to capital in the depositors fund enables them to make money despite a thin profit margin.This was done basically because the deposits of commercial banks were protected by FDIC unlike the deposits of investment banks. They could borrow money at a cheaper rate than any other person.This unfair advantage that community banks had wasnt favorable to smaller banks and as a result, big banks began to buy up the smaller ones. This whole move dealt a heavy blow to the economy because when these big banks got into trouble, the money of taxpayers was used to bail them out.If the venture went well then the bank managers and stakeholders benefited, but if it didnt go well, the taxpayers had t o bear the brunt. This wasnt good at all.Something had to be done about it and that was why the Volcker Rule was needed.The Volcker Rule creates a financial safety net that excludes any financially risky activity especially activities that are unrelated to serving the customers of the bank.Prior to the implementation of the Volcker Rule, banks could carry out activities that benefitted the bank at the expense of the costumer but with the Volcker Rule, every market activity had to be geared towards serving customers rather than profiting the bank.In addition, the Volcker Rule was needed in order to level the playing field between two agents. An example is ensuring that the bank doesnt mislead the customers on the terms of a mortgage.This rule provides the required economic stability and also ensures that there is no clash of interest between the banks and their customers.The Volcker Rule has eliminated the casino (betting and spontaneous competitive activities) part of financial inst itutions and this will reduce the level of panic or financial anxiety felt and will also make any financial crisis easy to manage.It is safe to say that the Volcker Rule was needed to create a banking safety net that will benefit the customers rather than the shareholders of the banks.Under this regulation, it is impossible for the bank to make gains at the expense of the customers. If this wasnt done, then the financial crisis will be a reoccurring thing in the economy of the nation.HOW DOES THE VOLCKER RULE IMPACT YOU? There are six various reasons why you should be interested in the Volcker Rule and the kind of impact it will have on you:Due to the Volcker rule, it is going to be almost impossible for banks to need huge bailouts, such as the $700 billion bailout.Since the Lehman Brothers fallout, most bank customers would never want to experience such a thing again. With the Volcker Rule, this is less likely to occur. So itll save you from turning on the TV in the morning and see ing your bank is out of business.Before the Volcker Rule major banks were capable of using certain shady hedge funds to boost up their profits, however, after the Volcker Rule, it will no longer be possible for such to occur.You can sleep better at night because youre certain your deposits are secure. This is due to the restrictions on banks, preventing them from gambling it.CRITIQUES OF THE VOLCKER RULEThere have been numerous criticisms of the Volcker Rule from different sides.For example, in 2014, the United States Chamber of Commerce claimed the benefits of the Volcker Rule are in pale in comparison to the costs it incurs. According to them, this occurs because a cost-benefit analysis was ignored.Whats more, in 2017, a top risk official of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) revealed that restrictions with the aim of stopping speculative bets are quite difficult to ensure.In addition, the IMF stand was that the Volcker Rule had the potential to unintentionally negatively affec t bond market liquidity.Backing up the International Monetary Fund criticism, the Federal Reserves Finance and Economics Discussion Series (FEDS) provided an equivalent critique, stating that due to the Volcker Rule, liquidity will diminish as the resultant effect of market-making activities of banks.The criticisms are overwhelming, the image below shows a portion of dealer inventory which was held overnight by dealers due to customer trades.This particular inventory reveals the measure of the number of customer demands a dealer is capable of absorbing in order to facilitate customer trades. Source: FsforumDealers who are willing to keep greater inventories can ensure more trades for their clients. However, the image above clearly shows that dealers possessed greater inventories in order to ensure client trades before the Volcker rule and these inventories have gradually been declining.As these inventories fall, dealers are probably going to initiate buy-and-sell order. This ultimately makes it hard for clients to revise their investment portfolios when the need arises.Criticisms have been made, that the fall of dealer inventories are a result of bank regulation which is affecting market liquidity and inventory behavior.First, they state that the revealed inventory decline is centered with bank-affiliated dealers, which shows that heightened bank regulation like the Volcker rule has a hand in it and that the fallout isnt just due to large market-wide changes.Second, they reveal that these falls are often the greatest during the Volcker era, which is dated to April 2014 t o October 2016. These findings have suggested that the Volcker Rule is a major contributor to the fall of market liquidity.The critiques keep pouring in as a recent report stated how the European Union had put an end to a drafted law which was taken by many as the reaction of Europe to the rule, with the no possibility of an agreement in the future.Other reports have also revealed that after the Volcker Rules enactment, its impact on the revenue of major banks is less than expected.However, certain current development in the implementation of the rule has the ability to affect operations in the future.PRESENT STATE OF THE VOLCKER RULEDue to the tough restrictions of the Volcker Rule, there are currently certain steps being taken to ensure that some of these restrictions are lifted.This is in a bid to ensure that the complications of the rule are eliminated, as the rule covers over a 1000 pages.In line with the 2017 recommendation of the Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin, Sen. Mike Cr apo who is the head of the Senate Banking Committee sponsored a Senate bill which would push back certain portions of the Dodd-Frank law.This is inclusive of the exemption of the Volcker Rule of banks with assets lower than $10 billion in the United States.Whats more, changes have been pouring in from the commission responsible for enacting the law.The five-member committee which includes the Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit and Insurance Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Treasury Department and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission.As of May 30, 2018, a vote was passed by the Fed, to provide banks with a compliance relief. Banks are permitted to trade for their individual goals.However, it’s tough for regulations to discern whether trades are speculative or not.When the Volcker Rule was in full force, banks were forced to provide evidence that a trade was not speculative.But now, the proposal by the Feds demands regulators to provide evidence that a particular trade is speculative.What this does, is transfer the burden from off the banks to the regulators. All other committee members would be expected to fall in line with the Feds vote.Banks are pushing for restrictions to be lowered as they want to carry out trades that run for anything lower than 60 days.However, with the regulations of the rule, banks must tender evidence that the trades being run are for their clients.Also, they want the exemption of certain overseas funds from the Volcker Rule, as well as reduced limitations on trading due to their wealth management plans.WHERE IS THE VOLCKER RULE HEADED? United States President Donald J Trump, in February 2017, passed an executive order which directed, Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury Secretary at the time to carry out a review on the present financial system regulations.Due to the executive order, the Treasury has released numerous reports offering proposed changes to Dodd-Frank; this includes a recommended proposal aimed to permit banks to have more exemptions from various aspects of the Volcker Rule.In June 2017 one of the statements released by the Treasury stated that it recommends major changes to the rule while adding that it isnt for the repeal of the rule and only supports in principle the Volcker rules restrictions on proprietary trading.This was the report which notably recommended the exemption of certain banks with assets lower than $10 billion.The Treasury as well stated the various regulatory compliance difficulties initiated by the Volcker rule and proffered solutions for refining and simplifying proprietary trading definitions and covered funds.In addition, the softening of the regulations as well in order to permit banks to efficiently hedge their risks.So where will this place the Volcker rule in the future? Well since this assessment in June 2017, Bloomberg reported at the start of 2018, that steps to revise the rule has been taken by the Comptroller of the Currency in turn with ce rtain recommendations of the Treasury.However, there are no definite timelines for when these revisions would take effect. Nevertheless, such revisions could probably take years to implement.Furthermore, the Federal Reserve Board vote at the end of the month of May in 2018, opened for door wider restructuring of the Volcker rule as it is presently.CONCLUSIONThe Volcker rule initially aimed at protecting customer funds in banks has in recent years met some very tough resistance. This has been due to recommendations from various committees responsible for it.The purpose of these recommendations has been to lower the strict regulations on banks, restricting them from certain trades, with proof exemptions on other types of trades.A lot of the recent happenings point towards the relaxation of the rule in the near future, as there seems to be overwhelming evidence of its negative effect on market liquidity as well as problems with its cost to benefit analysis.Regardless of the number of c riticisms, the Volcker rule generates mixed opinions in the financial sector. The big banks lobby to see certain aspects of the rule taken off as they state it hampers on profits.However, irrespective of the point of view of the rule it is no doubt a hot issue in the financial sector.

Cultural Awareness For Multicultural Education - 1920 Words

Numerous studies have assessed on cultural awareness being emerged in early learning settings. These studies consistently find that lack of cultural awareness in classroom learning leads to animosity and by introducing cultural awareness in classrooms can connect students globally, providing an insightful teaching in learning partnership. Though there are some drawbacks in promoting multicultural education. Mainly cultural gaps between the students and teachers is conflicted. This paper explores both the fundamental settings in implementing cultural awareness in classrooms and the drawbacks thats hindered with it. Introduction to Multicultural Education Multicultural education relates to education and instruction which is intended for the cultures of different races in the educational system. This approach to teaching and learning is based up building, respect and encouraging cultural pluralism inside racial societies. Essentially, it is about consolidation positive racial eccentricities into the classroom which can ultimately spread beyond the classroom. Multicultural education gets to be focal when we need to communicate with individuals from different backgrounds. Individuals interpret and asses things in different ways. What is viewed as a fitting behavior in one society is frequently inappropriate in another. Misinterpretation happens fundamentally when we need attention to our won behavioral rules and project them on others. Without better understanding we have aShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education Should Promote Cultural Consciousness, Empower Intercultural Awareness931 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the community immersion experiences are and important companion for the multicultural education classes ( Sleeter, 2001). 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Counselors provide a service to everyone, regardless their nationality, gender, sexual preference or ethnical background. All counselors are held to a high ethical standard, rather they are school, family, and marriage, mental or spiritual counselors. Counselors must be competent to work effectively with members of society who are culturally different from themselvesRead More Multicultural Education: Piecing Together The Puzzle Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages Multicultural Education: Piecing Together the Puzzle nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When a child opens his (or her) first puzzle and the pieces fall to the ground, it may seem very confusing. What are they to do with this pile of shapes in front of them? It often takes a parent to explain to them that all the different pieces fit together into one whole picture. Although every piece is different and unique, when they are all put into their place they form one whole picture. 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The main area of the paper willRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Supervision And Staff Development1750 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Introduction: Multicultural according to dictionary.com â€Å"representing several different cultures or cultural elements.† Multiculturalism is vital in the social work profession and especially in supervision because everyone involved (supervisor, supervisee, and client) cultural backgrounds and assumptions are taken into account. Creating a space for multicultural supervision allows for everyone to learn from each other. Multicultural supervision is important in today’s socialRead MorePromoting Cross Cultural Competence For Pre Service Teachers Through Multicultural Education Experiences Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesCross Cultural Competence in Pre-service Teachers Through Multicultural Education Experiences†, author Dr. Jared Keengwe discusses the growing conflict of diversity in American classrooms. Dr. Keengwe argues that 21st century educators are not properly prepared to teach, or communicate effectively with students of diverse backgrounds. In many examples provide d throughout the article, Dr. Keengwe presents the negative attributes associated with such educators who lack experience in multicultural educationalRead MoreFor The Past Two Decades, Canadian Population Is Increasingly1439 Words   |  6 Pages For the past two decades, Canadian population is increasingly diverse and multicultural by the huge wave of newcomers who will adopt and immerse different â€Å"cultural practices† in contributing to the national development (Parent Clydesdale, 2016). Canada is also one of the first countries in the world that has issued multicultural official policy since 1971. The concept of multiculturalism is referred to academic views about the equality and respect for variant cultures, religions, races and behavioursRead MoreThe Importance Of A New Culture Enhance University Experience?1124 Words   |  5 Pages To what extent does being in a new culture enhance the university experience? OUTLINE Introduction †¢ There are lots of people studying abroad. †¢ Different country’s university has different education system and academic backgrounds, student can gain different experiences during their overseas studying. †¢ Thesis statement: Studying abroad can improve student study skills and can broaden horizons I. Main Idea #1: Studying abroad which means students can contact with different

Case Study Layar - Mobile Augmented Reality - 5184 Words

University of Amsterdam – Business Studies International Entrepreneurship March – 2010 dr. Tsvi Vinig â€Å"Ubiquity First, Revenue Later† A descriptive case study on the entrepreneurial venue Layar B.V. Bendert Katier Studentnumber: 5927752 Bendert.katier@gmail.com http://twitter.com/BendertKatier 2 â€Å"Ubiquity First, Revenue Later† A descriptive casestudy in the entrepreneurial venue Layar B.V. Bendert Katier –†¦show more content†¦Big technology companies such as Intel, Apple and HTC are developing mobile- ­Ã¢â‚¬  phone software and services for the use of augmented reality services, and big retail companies use it for their marketing campaigns. Also multiple start- ­Ã¢â‚¬ ups are developing interesting applications that allow anyone to create tags for the real world. These days, anyone with a mobile device or a computer can tag physical structures and sites around the globe with informatory text, or multimedia content found on various other more ‘traditional’ web pages. One could for example point their phone at Dam Square Amsterdam, and see information pulled up from Wikipedia, photos taken there by users from F lickr, news related items or just find out what friends said about

Herpeutic relationships in nursing Free Essays

For Carl Rogers, discussing therapeutic relationships suggests that the relationship between the one being helped and the helper is a mutual one. Buber (1966) opposed and disagreed with Rogers and suggested that, because it is always the patient that comes to the professional for help and not the other way around, the relationship can never be a mutual one. Mutualism is defined as ‘the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other’, (dictionary. We will write a custom essay sample on Herpeutic relationships in nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now eference. com (2008). Campbell (1984) said the role of a nurse in a therapeutic relationship is; somebody who shares freely with others, but does not interfere and allow others to make and define their own journey. Patterson (1985) believes that the relationship itself is central and quoted that ‘counselling or psychotherapy is an interpersonal relationship. Note that I don’t say that counselling or psychotherapy involves an interpersonal relationship-it is an interpersonal relationship’. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) influence a therapeutic relationship throughout The Code (2008), it quotes ‘you must listen to the people in your care and respond to their concerns and preferences and you must make arrangements to meet people’s language and communication needs’. It encourages nurses to develop their relationship with the patient through the use of communication skills and through educating the patient about their illness. A therapeutic relationship is based on the communication between the nurse and the client themselves. You can read also Coronary Artery Disease Nursing Care Plan Communication involves almost every aspect of our interactions with others; and it plays an important part in any relationship. The holistic approach helps us, as nurses to encourage/support and authorize the patient with the accurate knowledge and understanding in order to help them to recover from their illness. If the nurse has the aptitude to communicate skilfully with the patient, throughout developing a therapeutic relationship, the patient will be more eager and willing to communicate and be more open with the nurse. Within a therapeutic relationship, trust is essential (holisticlocal. co. uk), and helps the nurse to increase their chance in healing the patient to overcome their illness and gain their respect. Patients expect the nurse to have the essential knowledge and to be able to display caring attitudes, so that they are able to trust the nurse and assign their care to the Professional. Breaching trust can make it very hard to re-establish it and therefore if a promise is made it should be adhered to. Mitchell and Cormack(1998) agree with this as they believed ‘patients themselves value therapeutic relationships which offer respect, trust, and care and it seems that such relationships may in themselves prove to be healing in the broadest sense’ (Mitchell Cormack (1998). In relationships constantly agreeing/ disagreeing with the other person on every occasion is not necessary as this could lead to aggravation, annoyance, and eventual dissatisfaction. Particular skills are needed to be adequately assertive without damaging the relationship. There are a variety of key skills which incorporate inside this relationship. Listening attentively and fully taking in to consideration what the patient is saying is perhaps the single most important skill that must be accomplished by the nurse. Listening to the patient without instantly giving suggestions and advice or diminishing the client’s opinion, is central to the establishment of developing a relationship. Listening refers to more than hearing what the patient says and Rogers (1980) believed that ‘In some sense attending and listening means that you lay aside yourself; this can only be done by persons who are secure enough in themselves that they know they will not get lost in what may turn out to be the strange and bizarre world of the other, and that they can comfortably return to their own world when they wish’, he is referring to ‘getting lost in the world of the other’. Burnard (1997) describes the art of ‘attending’ as the act of truly focusing on the other person, consciously making ourselves aware of what they are saying and what they are trying to communicate. Vital to the establishment and construction of a therapeutic relationship is the nurses own capability to use an extensive range of communication skills, strategies and interpersonal skills. Effective and successful communication is a necessary aspect in producing and preserving a successful relationship. Regardless of the surroundings and the duration of interaction, the nurse acts in therapeutic ways to supervise the limitations of the relationship. This could involve tasks such as, the nurse introducing themselves to the client and addressing the patient by their preferred name/title, or showing a genuine interest in, and compassion for the client. In a therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient the power tends to be unequal, although nurses may not observe themselves as having power and authority in the relationship. The nurse should always try and remember that the patient is in a vulnerable position and due to the nurse’s amount of health care knowledge and her position in the health care system the patient may feel more vulnerable than they already are. The misuse of power /authority can be known as abuse and using it appropriately enables the nurse to maintain paramount professionalism as well as dealing with the patients requirements. Empathy is also part of the structure of a nurse and patient relationship. Burnard (1995) defines empathy as ‘the ability to perceive accurately the feelings of another person and to communicate this understanding to him’. The nurse should be able to view the patient’s illness and circumstances from their position and not look down upon them from an exalted position and the patient should not be made to feel vulnerable. Millenson concludes by stating ‘accurate empathy is always empowering, since it represents an understanding and acceptance of the speakers feelings’ (Millenson, 1995). Respecting the client and their dignity at all times is fundamental to the relationship between the nurse and the client. The nurse should appreciate and understand the patient’s religion, culture and the other aspects related to the patient themselves and the patient’s background, and whilst providing care these factors should be taken in to account. Respect is not an attitude; it is an element that nurses should ‘master’ and when showing respect nurses should make a difference in the way a patient is seen. Mayeroff (1971) believes that it is ‘more than good intentions and warm regards’. There are certain skills that users can use in attending to clients, in order to generate a therapeutic environment. They can be summarised in the acronym S-O-L-E-R. Sit facing the patient squarely; adopting a posture that indicates involvement is important. Open posture, crossed arms and legs illustrate lessened participation/availability; an open posture shows that you are open to the client and to what they have to say. Lean slightly towards the other person to enhance communication. Establish eye contact with the patient, keeping it fairly steady but not staring. Relax, and don’t be nervous, adopt a comfortable posture and this will also helps put the client at ease. People might use these guidelines differently in relation to culture and individuality, so they should not be taken as absolute rules. Therapeutic relationships are also encouraged, supported and developed by members of the multi-disciplinary team, for example; doctors. Doctors support patients by educating them about their illness and also by developing a therapeutic relationship with the patient. They have to consider professional intimacy and also the method in which they communicate with the patient, since giving bad news is very different to giving good news and they also have to think about their facial expressions and body language and show empathy. This also relates to other members of the Multi Disciplinary team (MDT), such as physiotherapists, psychologists, dieticians etc. During practice, I have had to think about my communication skills, key elements and professional intimacy, on an occasion, were I communicated with the relatives of a terminally ill patient. The wife of this patient was crying, and therefore in order to comfort her, I talked to her, held her, hand and gave her a hug. The communication skills I used were Empathy, which Mayeroff (1971) believes is an essential part of caring. I also used verbal communication and non verbal communication, which is described as ‘an awareness of your body and mind as a source of communication’ Egan(1990) and also showing respect, Rogers (1961, 1967) ‘You are there to help clients, not to judge them’, following Standal (1954), who calls this kind of respect ‘unconditional positive regard’ Egan(1990). How to cite Herpeutic relationships in nursing, Papers

Celie and Shugs first physical encounter Essay Example

Celie and Shugs first physical encounter Paper In the following letter Shug approaches Celie and says that she must leave. Celie is devastated by this, and is shown by the following quote, I dont say nothing. Feel like I felt when Nettie left. This extract highlights the growing feelings Celie has for Shug. Celie now begins to see Shug as a close personal friend; Nettie was the only female Celie had a close relationship with; Shug has now taken this role. The first section of the letter on pages 68-70 conveys Celies jealousy towards the relationship between Shug and Albert. The first sentence shows that Celie is still upset that Shug is leaving; Celie then turns this sadness into anger through realising that Shug is sleeping with Albert. Now we all know she going sometime soon, they sleep together at night. The two diverse issues mentioned show that Celie is confused and does not know what to think of Shug. The alliteration of sometime soon and also the consonance on the s sound create a feeling of pace and rhythm, this conveys that Celie is willing to move onto another subject as the current one brings much sadness. The second part of the sentence shows Celies hatred, the consonance on the t and its plosive edge portrays Celies anger and frustration on the matter. This part of the sentence is also monosyllabic except for the word together, as this word contains three syllables we get the feeling that Celie is running this word over in her mind and picturing the relationship between Shug and Albert. As the rest of the section is monosyllabic it shows Celie does not wish to elaborate and so is shocked at the actions of Shug. We will write a custom essay sample on Celie and Shugs first physical encounter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Celie and Shugs first physical encounter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Celie and Shugs first physical encounter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the next sentence there is more of a realisation from Celie that Shug and Albert sleep together frequently. Not every night, but almost every night This strong, mid-line pause creates this understanding. In the following paragraph Celie becomes frustrated at Alberts treatment of women as mere objects, And just to look at her. The sentence begins with the conjunction and; this represents negative thoughts and anger from Celie over Alberts lack of consideration for Shugs personality. The use of the pronoun her shows that Celie has little respect for Shug at this present moment. Celie may be confused as to why Shug has a relationship with Albert when Celie knows that she respects Shug as a person as well as taking into account her good looks. The quote is monosyllabic and conveys that Celie does not wish to waste her breath over something she has seen many times before. Celie is depicting Albert as a stereotypical male. The feeling that Shug enjoys her relationship with Albert is shown through a number of sentences. do you mind if Albert sleep with me? The wording of this extract builds up a feeling that Albert is very much in control of Shug; Albert sleeps with Shug, Shug does not sleep with Albert. Shug then openly declares to Celie that she enjoys sleeping with Albert, I just love it. Additionally, Shug states that she still has a passion for Albert. It becomes clear that Shug still loves Albert even though she sees him as a bully as well as weak and many other negative statements. Celie seems to have latched on to the fact that Shug still loves Albert; this factor increases Celies jealousy and hatred towards Albert, and possibly Shug. You still love him, I ast. The lack of a question mark signifies the quote as imperative. Celie is not asking but simply stating, in an aggressive manner, that Shug loves Albert. The use of the pronoun him conveys that Celie still has little or no respect for Albert. Monosyllabic words are used to create a short and sharp sounding sentence to reflect Celies anger and frustration. Celie is most likely confused as to why Shug is sleeping with a man who is violent towards women.

Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston, and the First Spreadsheet

Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston, and the First Spreadsheet Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner. That’s what Dan Bricklin, one of the inventors of the first computer spreadsheet. VisiCalc was released to the public in 1979. It ran on an Apple II computer. Most early microprocessor computers had been  supported by BASIC and a few games, but VisiCalc introduced a new level in application software. It was considered a fourth generation software program. Before this,  companies were investing time and money creating financial projections with manually calculated spreadsheets. Changing a single number meant recalculating every single cell on the sheet. VisiCalc allowed them to change any cell and the entire sheet would be automatically recalculated. VisiCalc took 20 hours of work for some people and turned it out in 15 minutes and let them become much more creative,† Bricklin said. The History of VisiCalc Bricklin and Bob Frankston invented VisiCalc. Bricklin was studying for his Master of Business Administration degree at Harvard Business School when he joined up with Frankston to help him write the programming for his new electronic spreadsheet. The two started their own company, Software Arts Inc., to develop their product. I dont know how to answer what it was like because early Apple machines had so few tools,† Frankston said about programming VisiCalc for the Apple II. â€Å"We just had to keep debugging by isolating a problem, looking at memory in the limited debugging – which was weaker than the DOS DEBUG and had no symbols – then patch and retry and then re-program, download and try again and  again...   An Apple II version was ready by the fall of 1979. The team started writing versions for the Tandy TRS-80, the Commodore PET and the Atari 800. By October, VisiCalc was a fast seller on the shelves of computer stores at $100.   In November 1981, Bricklin received the Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in honor of his innovation. VisiCalc was soon sold to Lotus Development Corporation where it was developed into the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet for the PC by 1983.  Bricklin never received a patent for VisiCalc because software programs were not eligible for patents by the Supreme Court until after 1981. Im not rich because I invented VisiCalc,† Bricklin said, â€Å"but I feel that Ive made a change in the world. Thats a satisfaction money cant buy.   Patents? Disappointed? Dont think of it that way, Bob Frankston said. Software patents werent feasible then so we chose not to risk $10,000.   More on Spreadsheets The DIF format was developed in 1980, allowing spreadsheet data to be shared and imported into other programs such as word processors. This made spreadsheet data more portable.   SuperCalc was introduced in 1980, the first spreadsheet for the popular micro OS called CP/M. The popular Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet was introduced in 1983. Mitch Kapor founded Lotus and used his previous programming experience with VisiCalc to create 1-2-3.   Excel and Quattro Pro spreadsheets were introduced in 1987, offering a more graphical interface.

Definition of Gerrymander

Definition of Gerrymander To gerrymander is to draw the boundaries of electoral districts in an irregular way so as to create an unfair advantage for a particular political party or faction. The origin of the term gerrymander dates back to the early 1800s in Massachusetts. The word is a combination of the words Gerry, for the states governor, Elbridge Gerry, and salamander, as a particular electoral district was jokingly said to be shaped like a lizard. The practice of creating oddly shaped electoral districts to create advantages has endured for two centuries. Criticisms of the practice can be found in newspapers and books going back to the time of the incident in Massachusetts that inspired the term. And while it has always been viewed as something done wrongfully, nearly all political parties and factions have practiced gerrymandering when given the opportunity. The Drawing of Congressional Districts The United States Constitution specifies that seats in Congress are apportioned according to the U.S. Census (indeed, thats the original reason why the federal government has conducted a census every ten years). And the individual states must create congressional districts which will then elect members of the U.S. House of Representatives. The situation in Massachusetts in 1811 was that the Democrats (who were political followers of Thomas Jefferson, not the later Democratic Party which still exists) held the majority of seats in the state legislature, and could therefore draw the required Congressional districts. The Democrats wanted to thwart the power of their opponents, the Federalists, the party in the tradition of John Adams. A plan was devised to create Congressional districts that would divide any concentrations of Federalists. With the map drawn in an irregular way, small pockets of Federalists would then be residing within districts where they would be heavily outnumbered. The plans to draw these peculiarly shaped districts were, of course, highly controversial. And the lively New England newspapers engaged in quite a battle of words, and, eventually, even pictures. The Coining of the Term Gerrymander There has been dispute over the years of who exactly coined the term gerrymander. An early book on the history of American newspapers stated that the word arose from a meeting of the Boston newspaper editor Benjamin Russell and the famed American painter Gilbert Stuart. In Anecdotes, Personal Memoirs, and Biographies of Literary Men Connected With Newspaper Literature, published in 1852, Joseph T. Buckingham presented the following story: In 1811, when Mr. Gerry was governor of the commonwealth, the legislature made a new division of the districts for the election of representatives to Congress. Both branches then had a Democratic majority. For the purpose of securing a Democratic representative, an absurd and singular arrangement of towns in the county of Essex was made to compose a district. Russell took a map of the county, and designated by a particular coloring the towns thus selected. He then hung the map on the wall of his editorial closet. One day, Gilbert Stuart, the celebrated painter, looked at the map, and said the towns, which Russell had thus distinguished, formed a picture resembling some monstrous animal. He took a pencil, and, with a few touches, added what might be supposed to represent claws. There, said Stuart, that will do for a salamander.Russell, who was busy with his pen, looked up at the hideous figure, and exclaimed, Salamander! Call it Gerrymander!The word became a proverb, and, for many years, was in popular use among the Federalists as a term of reproach to the Democratic legislature, which had distinguished itself by this act of political turpitude. An engraving of the Gerrymander  was made, and hawked about the state, which had some effect in annoying the Democratic Party. The word gerrymander, often rendered in hyphenated form as gerry-mander, began to appear in New England newspapers in March 1812. For instance, the Boston Repertory, on March 27, 1812, published an illustration representing the oddly shaped Congressional district as a lizard with claws, teeth, and even the wings of a mythical dragon. A headline described it as A New Species of Monster. In the text below the illustration an editorial said: The district may be exhibited as a Monster. It is the offspring of moral and political depravity. It was created to drown the real voice of the majority of the citizens in the country of Essex, where it is well known there is a large federal majority. Outrage Over the Gerry-Mander Monster Faded Though New England newspapers blasted the newly drawn district and the politicians who created it, other newspapers in 1812 reported the same phenomenon had occurred elsewhere. And the practice had been given a lasting name. Incidentally, Elbridge Gerry, the Massachusetts governor whose name wound up being the basis for the term, was the leader of the Jeffersonian Democrats in the state at the time. But there is some dispute whether he even approved of the scheme to draw the oddly shaped district. Gerry had been a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and had a long career of political service. Having his name dragged into the conflict over the Congressional districts seemed not to harm him, and was a successful vice-presidential candidate in the election of 1812. Gerry died in 1814 while serving as vice president in the administration of President James Madison. Gratitude is expressed to the New York Public Library Digital Collections for the use of the early 19th century illustration of The Gerry-Mander.

Motivating Others Part II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivating Others Part II - Assignment Example This is because I have come to learn and appreciate the fact that to get the best out of people, it is important to create the best in these people (Green et al, 2009). Dear Bobrowski, I must actually state I was not surprised to read such a powerful word of suggestions and recommendation from you because I have always known you to be a good friend. But building on from the suggestions, I have taken a number of decisions on how to start off. As you said, the legacy that my team and I build for ourselves is very important in determining the relationship we are going to have with customers (Colquitt, Lepine & Wesson, 2013). Based on further review of literature also, I have come to realize that any form of competence that is expected from team members can only be available if it is created into them (Green et al, 2009). I therefore plan on undertaking key organizational empowerment programs for my team members. I am very confident that once I do this, the nature and level of motivation that we all want to see in the team members will be

Assignment-Oppression-Race, Class.And Gender in United States Coursework

Assignment-Oppression-Race, Class.And Gender in United States - Coursework Example The oppressed are treated cruelly and unjustly by those who have authority over them. For example, the poor continue to be oppressed as they have no means of getting out of their predicament. Tatum (2010) defines racism as a system of advantage based on race. Based on their color, the blacks are considered inferior than the whites due to racial prejudice. They are considered as not able to achieve much of the superior race of whites have been able to achieve hence are discriminated in all aspects; they cannot get good jobs, housing, and education among other aspects. Furthermore, the whites claim their privileges and advantages are biological in nature hence not racist; it is not their fault that they are advantaged. The blacks are blamed for their predicament in most cases as they are stereotyped as not willing to improve themselves and lack initiative. According to Hubbard (2010), human sexuality is not natural but a social construction in which children are socialized from birth. Traditionally, family roles were divided according to gender type. Some roles like hunting were solely for men while others like kitchen work was reserved for women and men were regarded as superior than women. Sexism is therefore the belief that one sex (male) is superior to the other (female) hence has the right to dominate almost all aspects of life. Women are discriminated against based on their sex due to gender stereotyping. For example, even with more women acquiring similar education levels as men, women still get absorbed in the lowly paid service sector while men join highly paid sectors such as engineering. Classism refers to the differences that exist between different groups in the society such that the dominant group oppresses the lower classes (Mantiosis 2010). He asserts that the society is divided into the wealthy class, middle class and the poor and acknowledges the fact that a wide gap exists between the rich and the poor in America contrary to a

Terry Tempest Williams and Mormonism Essay -- Terry William Mormon Ess

Terry Tempest Williams and Mormonism In Mormon religion, formal blessings of healing are given by men through the Priesthood of God. Women have no outward authority. But within the secrecy of the sisterhood we have always bestowed benisons upon our families. Mother sits up. I lay my hands upon her head and in the privacy of women, we pray. (158) Terry Tempest Williams is fully aware that she is contradicting the church when she writes â€Å"women have no outward authority,† yet she still chooses to take part in a ritual of healing that can only be performed by the men. Williams, however, does so in privacy and in the â€Å"secrecy of the sisterhood.† The word secrecy hints at the idea of doing something which is not accepted and against certain beliefs of today’s church. She was born and raised in a home of devout Mormons who follow the traditional beliefs of their faith. She acknowledges that the Mormon Church places great importance on obedience. In college she began to question her faith and today would not consider herself an â€Å"orthodox Mormon,† although Mormonism still has an impact in her life and work. In her writing, Williams continually contradicts the values of the Mormons. In Refuge, she subtly defied the restrictions inflicted upon women by the Mormon Church. She briefly addressed the issue of having children and the role of women. Williams’ family, for the most part was very supportive of her book. It was met, however, with some criticism from Mormon academic journals, disapproving of her defiance towards the church. In an interview Williams said, â€Å"that obedience in the name of religion or patriotism ultimately takes our souls. So I think it's this larger issue of what is acceptable and what is not; where d... ...mately takes our lives.† She is consistently but subtly challenging the orthodoxy of Mormonism. (http://www.insideoutsidemag.com/archives/articles/2001/09/terry_tempest_williams.asp) Williams will continue to act in civil disobedience against some of the beliefs held in the Mormon Church; questioning everything she is taught. She attributes her work in part to her faith. This is perhaps because of her upbringing in Mormonism and her vision of a person in white that confirmed her faith. The love she had for her mother was perhaps another reason; Williams’ mother was a devout Mormon who took her religion seriously and closely followed its traditions. The independent spirit that she possesses, however, keeps her from accepting Mormonism in its entirety. She believes that it is right to challenge one’s beliefs, that it prevents one from blindly accepting everything.

Fall of the House of Usher: The Mind’s Eye Essay

Edgar Allen Poe’s work Fall of the House of Usher has long been regarded as a fine example of his many psychological writings. Largely, the criticism has focused on the interactions between characters, the doubleness factors seen in the twins, and even the structure of the house itself. I find a worthy psychology to analyze within a different ‘viewpoint’, if you will: the eyes and visions of the characters. My thesis is simple. Despite the numerous references to vision and eyes within Fall of the House of Usher, Poe is showing that none of these characters is able to see through to the mind of others. The easiest way to examine this idea is to take out from this relatively short story the different incidences of sight related imagery. Then they can be looked into with more clarity and observed for consistency. Together these points all aim in one direction. The persons of the narrator and Usher are unable to capably read each other’s minds despite looking deeply into them. If eyes are truly the windows to the soul, as the popular saying goes, then psychoanalytic theories would seem to infer that a sense of ‘genuineness’ would be able to be gleaned by observing another (Hutchisson). This clue pops up immediately within the story. Not once, but twice within the very first paragraph, the narrator uses his eyes to assess the situation. He is clearly not comfortable with the summons that he has received and wants to get an idea of what it is that he is getting at. And so he uses his eyes to discern the setting. What he finds is not comforting at all! He finds that not only are his eyes looking at the house, and trying to look into the house, but that the house appears to be looking right back at him. The windows are â€Å"eye like. † And again, the windows aren’t merely eye-like once, but twice within the opening. The narrator can’t look into the house, can’t see what it is that might be going on. And so he can’t look into the house’s mind, psychoanalytically speaking. But we do know that Roderick Usher wants to have him visit. In fact, we read that his old friend wants to â€Å"see† him. A peculiar choice of wording for a visit. This is the state of mind of the narrator as he approaches the mansion. He doesn’t get far. By the second paragraph, the he stops his approach, feeling that there must in fact be something wrong, something to observe. He now uses his eyes to look up and down for clues. First he looks down into the tarn, or bog. Again, it is clear that he is trying to size up the feelings around him, not just the topography. It is not enough for him to see that the bog exists; he must instead attempt to look into it. This is a very psychologically indicative statement. Why take such care as to look into the tarn, to try and find out what is in it? Why not just a subtle and quick glance? After looking down (without success) he then lifts his eyes up to the house once more. Perhaps the windows had unnerved him by this point, for it is not the windows he looks for this time around. Now he is trying to look even closer. He is attempting to see more of the soul of the house, trying to find any deficiencies that may warn him of the mind of the mansion, and perhaps its owner. He does find a startling detail. The fissure. The very small fissure. We read that the narrator is not just browsing. He possess the â€Å"eye of a scrutinizing observer† – which is what it takes to see this â€Å"minute fissure. † This exterior crack is the indication that should have warned of the inner workings of his setting, the inner deviance of the mind (Quinn and Rosenheim). But it is not enough to dissuade him, yet. When he finally does enter the mansion, we encounter Roderick Usher for the first time. What is important here, psychologically speaking, is that this is an old friend of the narrator. He is not just meeting him for the first time, as are the readers. And how does one meet an old friend, a long lost friend who has personally summoned you? I would dare say that it would be warmer than merely gazing upon him. Yet that is exactly, according to the text, how he greets Usher. He gazed upon him, it reads. He does not come right up to him; he does not extend his hand, or otherwise greet him. Clearly he is attempting to size up Usher’s intentions, his inner psyche. He doubts Usher’s intentions. That much is clear. He has had a chance to doubt the setting, the feel of the house. And so he gazes at him. He is trying to look into the soul of his friend – according to the old expression. What does he find? This is where the psychology really begins to work itself into the narrative. Despite the pallor of his friend’s skin, the almost withdrawn, deathly body, he finds that Roderick possesses â€Å"an eye large liquid and luminous. † Is this truly so? Does anyone possess eyes of this quality? Especially intriguing is the question, does anyone who is near death possess this sort of an eye? Or is the narrator only imagining this? Is he imagining that as he himself is looking for the mind of Usher, that he is also being scrutinized simultaneously? Are they feeling each other out, and attempting to discern where the other stands? If this were true, then it would be expected that one or the other would surely figure out that they are in some sort of deep, dysfunctional disadvantage (Silverman)! Looking forward, where we know the motives of the two, isn’t it likely that they should have sorted this out? Could not Usher sense his friend’s apprehension? Could the narrator not discern the evil lurking behind the eyes of Usher? Apparently they could not, for both continue along the storyline. The psychoanalysis that we are privy to failed both of them. Soon during the first encounter we begin to find out that there is actually something wrong with the dweller of the house. But we are not fed the correct information. The text concentrates on the purely physical elements of sickness! We, as readers, can already tell that there is much more to this problem. We do not trust Roderick Usher and already feel uneasy, given the facts that I have already stated above. They psychology is one of mistrust, of looking out, looking in and getting looked at. But we are beginning to find out that the narrator is not able to see what we are. Despite the ever present commentary on seeing, looking, gazing and eyes, he is not able to pick out the danger. Instead, he relates the physical problems facing his friend. Ironically, the physical problems are just as telling about the conditions he is to find. The problem begins with the eyes. Usher explains that his eyes are â€Å"tortured by even a faint light. † Torture is a pretty strong word. It speaks of endless suffering, of attempting to get something out of the victim by pain (Hutchisson). What is the light trying to do, what is it trying to accomplish? Light generally means truth, in literature. Is the light attempting to elicit some sense of truth, of purpose, of the inner workings of his mind? Is the light trying to open up Usher for introspection? It appears so. How does he react to this? He finds it to be â€Å"torture. † And so he keeps things dark. He is telling the narrator to not look at him. He does this without words, but the message is clear. I am not going to light any lanterns or candles, he is saying. And you, you are not going to look into my eyes, to discern me. He looks to his friend for agreement. Does his friend see this growing malevolence? No. He still cannot grasp this, is not able to ‘see’ his friend. And so the room is dark and the story goes on. We are beginning to see that he is trapped here. After some time, Usher reveals that he is here with the lady of the house, a sister. The lady Madeline makes one brief appearance, vaguely flowing through the room and out. Apart from the somewhat strange talk of her upcoming death – a death that is inevitable, Usher’s story indicates (though without admitting anything), what is stranger even more is that Madeline is not talked to, or invited to stay. Does Usher not want her seen? Is he afraid of his friend looking into her eyes and seeing something uncomfortable? Why is she simply left to go her way? Certainly the narrator attempts to do some fact finding. He attempts once more to determine the psychology of the situation by looking at her. But again, Poe makes it clear: he is not just looking at her. It is specifically his eyes that are doing the looking. He must bring the attention back to the eyes themselves (Silverman). The story reads, â€Å"My eyes followed her retreating steps. † In other words, it is as if the eyes are separate from the body. The eyes themselves followed her steps. They almost operate independently. It is as if the author is trying to tell you that the eyes belong to the psychological realm, as opposed to the rest of the body’s physical realm. Which is, of course, the purpose of bringing up the idea of the eyes in the first place. After some time, the narrator is beginning to get it. He is beginning to understand that there is a difference in this reality, but he can’t quite put his finger on it. All he knows is that there is something wrong with the appearances here. Again, he cannot see into the soul and inner mind of Usher. But he does point out what he is able to observe. He knows that Usher is different than he was. Something made Usher â€Å"what I now saw him. † He is changed. There is some purposeful line that had been drawn, and then crossed. What this is remains unclear to the narrator. He doesn’t ‘see’ what is coming, can’t discern just what the change is related to. And so all he relates it that he sees something different. Of course, this near miss indicates just how close he is to the truth. His observations find him dancing around the menacing intentions of his friend. He can sense a problem – but cannot see it. The problem, naturally, is that Roderick Usher is about to kill his twin sister. For some reason, which remains unexplained, he desires someone to be there with him until the end. But as we see, at the same time that he is trying to look into his old friend’s mind and find out if he is catching on or not, he is being observed too, for mental malady. Alas, both parties are failures at this. The psychology of both is hidden from the other. Usher is about to murder his sibling. The narrator cannot see this. The narrator is unnerved for a host of reasons. Usher cannot see this, either. They both remain blinded to the other’s minds. They both remain in the dark, even at this close moment. The moment comes. Madeline is dead. Or at least dead enough to bury. The blindness of the narrator keeps him from even being able to see life and death for what it is. He believes the report of Roderick – Roderick who has looked long into his eyes and found no serious concern or doubt as to his knowledge. He even goes so far as to help him to bury her. Together they carry her down to the tomb. He consoles his friend as they accomplish the deed. He is truly unseeing about this event, its morbidity, and its sheer wanton psychology. He simply cannot see through his fears. The narrator is unable to see with his mind’s eye. He does detect a change, though. Again, he is close. He does not engage Usher in discussion. They do not share stories of old friendship at any time. They hardly even discuss the death of Usher’s sister, who turns out to have been his twin. There is still this feeling out process. They are both engaged in attempting to psychoanalyze the other; to determine motive and perhaps opportunity or advantage. What does he find of his friend Usher? Now that luminous eye is going dim. Poe writes, â€Å"The luminousness of his (Usher’s) eye had utterly gone out. † Obviously, Usher’s friend is being watchful of him, so to speak. He is looking at his eyes. Is he trying to read his friend’s soul? I think he is. This has come directly after the death and internment of his sister. But he is not trying to comfort him. He has very few words at all for him in what should be his time of need. He is instead looking at him. He remembers the luminousness of the eye in particular. He remembers being watched and so he is being watchful. He now finds the eye has changed. Shouldn’t this indicate something to him? And yet he seems to be contented with the thought that it is merely indicative of the timing, representative of the situation that Usher has found himself in, a situation of sorrow. And how is Usher looking? If we know now that the luminousness, the mysterious gleam is gone, then what can we see? What is it that the narrator is looking at? Usher, it seems, is looking at â€Å"vacancy† now. In other words he is no longer interested in looking at his old friend. The deed is done. There is no longer any need to discern the internal workings of the mind, with its doubts, and intrigues. For whatever reason that Usher brought him out into the country mansion (a motivation that we are never quite certain of, as readers), that purpose has been fulfilled. No longer is Usher interested in looking at anything. Whatever had been going on in his mind is over. The psychological back and forth between the two is over. At least for one of them. The narrator is still looking. He is really beginning to feel something is out of place here. But there is no talking. Never any talking. The eyes are what are important to this work of Poe’s. It is all about the windows expressing, or hiding the inner psychology of the person. And so Usher looks down, but his friend still is looking at him, trying to find an edge that will reveal everything to him. He has found a dying, dimming eye in Usher. No longer is there the intrigue. For a few moments in this tale, we too, are beginning to wonder just what Usher’s intent is. Is he simply done with the work he set out to do? Is he content with the ending? Is he meaning the same thing to happen to his friend? We cannot see, like the narrator cannot, because Usher’s eye has lost its light. But then it springs back to life – and this time it is much more indicative of the inner workings. Usher’s madness now comes out. And Poe reveals it through his eyes. There is now a â€Å"species of mad hilarity in his eyes. † Finally the eyes are opened enough for the narrator to see into. The window to his soul, so to speak is now displaying the mind of his mad former friend. It is all coming into sharp focus. The doubts which had been fermenting are now finalizing. It is important to note something here. This has to do with the utter psychology of the work. Psychoanalytically speaking, we are led time and time again to the eyes. There is no sharp action here. Usher does not go on a screaming rampage. He does not threaten with his words, he does not cajole. There is no pleading and there is no physical threatening. All of the above, all of the feelings of morbidity and unease and fear, comes through the description of the eyes. And the description of Usher’s eyes comes from the narrator himself. He is finally able to see into Usher’s mind, but far, far, too late. When Poe relents, when he eventually allows Roderick Usher to speak his mind, to give voice to what his eyes have been clearly showing all along, it is utter confirmation. Usher’s friend realizes that he has been right all along. In this case, hindsight was correct. Usher’s words finally give tongue to the madness he possesses. But even then, even when there is confirmation of the dementia of this man, he is obsessed, the text is obsessed, with the eyes. â€Å"Have you not seen it? † he asks of his friend. â€Å"You have not then seen it? But stay! You shall! † He is challenging him here. He is somehow poking at him almost in jest. In some mad way Usher is taunting the man for not being able to have ‘seen it’ before. He chides him for not earlier seeing that his good old friend Roderick Usher had gone mad right before him. He runs over to the windows, which of course were eyes of the house, as earlier stated and opens them. They are â€Å"freely open to the storm. † This then, is to be understood that the eyes to the soul are now open for the first time. There is no more hiding them, no more hiding the truth. Since he has done what he wanted, what he planned, and managed to do so right under his friend’s eyes, he can reveal all finally. Now Usher’s intents, his malevolence and his mind are fully opened for his friend to see. Now he can grasp the mentality of Roderick Usher. This is the one thing that the narrator does not want to do. Now that the horrible situation has unfolded and he can clearly see what has been going on all along, he wishes it weren’t so. He wants it all to go away. He wants his eyes to be closed to this scenario, to the demented madness of Usher. We get this through the symbols of the eyes and vision once more. â€Å"You shall not behold this! † he encourages Usher. â€Å"You must not! † he orders him. He then attempts to close the casements. Why would this come up? What is the big problem with the open windows and the ensuing storm? Because Poe is telling us once more that the windows, the eyes, are where the truth shall be seen and known. If only the windows were shut again, the narrator is insisting. If only I could not see what has taken place. If I can just close my eyes I can get it to go away. He does not want to face the reality that he is now seeing for the first time. And so he doesn’t try to change Usher. He doesn’t attempt to engage him in conversation of otherwise challenge him. Instead he rushes to close the windows, to shut his eyes. It is too late. Now Usher too is blind. He has seen enough of the ugly truth. He has seen that he has pulled the wool over his friend’s eyes for just long enough. The actions have passed, and the results will invariably follow. The truth will be open for all to see. He does not care whether his ugliness is displayed now. When the narrator turns to look at him once more, he finds that Usher’s eyes were now â€Å"bent fixedly before him. † No longer do Usher’s eyes have to be looked into for one to ascertain the truth now. It is all around him. The narrator’s time for discovery has passed. In the end we find the narrator still attempting to make sense of all that he saw during his stay at the mansion. He doesn’t end up by pondering these things over. He does not soliloquize at all. We aren’t even treated to what is going on in his mind. We are instructed still by images – by displays of the truth itself. He turns to see where the final lights of the storms were coming from. Where was the truth all along? Why didn’t he see it earlier? With the collapse of the â€Å"mighty walls† the narrator finally sees the inner mind of truth as it â€Å"burst at once upon my sight. † What he and Usher could not see in each other’s minds end up as â€Å"walls rushing asunder. † Works Cited Hutchisson, James M. Poe. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2005. Poe, Edgar A. â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher. † Essential Tales and Poems of Edgar Allen Poe. Ed. Benjamin F. Fisher. New York: Barnes and Nobles, 2009. Quinn, Arthur H. , and Shawn Rosenheim. Edgar Allen Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

Victimless Crime

Definition: A victimless crime is an offense that lacks an identifiable victim who is the object of the crime. The offense is against society itself through norms, values, attitudes, and beliefs. Examples: When someone smokes marijuana or uses cocaine they are violating cultural values about appropriate behavior. They are committing a crime, but there is no direct victim per se, as there is when someone is robbed or murdered.